Which lung volumes were affected by the additional dead space? did they increase or decrease?1/27/2024 They are used to evaluate and monitor diseases that affect heart and lung function, to monitor the effects of environmental, occupational, and drug exposures, to assess risks of surgery, and to assist in evaluations performed before employment or for insurance purposes. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) provide objective, quantifiable measures of lung function. Standing, sitting, supine, and right- and left-side lying positions were studied. Primary outcome measures were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC, FEV1/FVC), vital capacity (VC), functional residual capacity (FRC), maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax), maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), peak expiratory flow (PEF), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Studies that were quasi-experimental, pre-post intervention compared ≥2 positions, including sitting or standing and assessed lung function in non-mechanically ventilated subjects aged ≥18 years were included. A search to identify English-language papers published from 1/1998–12/2017 was conducted using MEDLINE and Google Scholar with key words: body position, lung function, lung mechanics, lung volume, position change, positioning, posture, pulmonary function testing, sitting, standing, supine, ventilation, and ventilatory change.
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